Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe

Featured in: One-Pot Everyday Comfort

Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe is a timeless Roman classic that celebrates Italian simplicity. Just three main ingredients—spaghetti, Pecorino Romano cheese, and black pepper—combine to create an elegant, creamy sauce. The key to success lies in toasting the pepper to release its aromatics and gradually incorporating the cheese while tossing vigorously with reserved pasta water, which emulsifies into a silky coating. Ready in just 25 minutes, this vegetarian dish serves four and pairs beautifully with crisp white wines like Vermentino or Pinot Grigio.

Updated on Sun, 18 Jan 2026 12:52:00 GMT
A close-up of Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe twirled on a fork, showcasing the creamy Pecorino Romano and freshly cracked black pepper clinging to each strand. Pin It
A close-up of Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe twirled on a fork, showcasing the creamy Pecorino Romano and freshly cracked black pepper clinging to each strand. | cedarlemon.com

The radio was playing something scratchy and old when I finally nailed this dish. I'd burned through half a block of Pecorino trying to figure out why the cheese kept seizing into grainy clumps instead of melting into silk. Then my neighbor leaned over the fence and said her nonna always added the cheese off the heat. That one sentence saved everything.

I made this for my sister after she moved into her first apartment with nothing but a single pot and a dream. We sat on her kitchen floor with mismatched bowls, twirling spaghetti and laughing about how something this simple could feel like a celebration. She still texts me every time she makes it, usually with a photo of her pepper-speckled plate and a single heart emoji.

Ingredients

  • Spaghetti: The long strands grab onto the creamy sauce better than shorter shapes, and cooking it just to al dente means it finishes perfectly in the skillet.
  • Pecorino Romano cheese: This salty, sharp sheep's milk cheese is the soul of the dish, but it must be freshly grated or it won't melt smoothly.
  • Freshly cracked black pepper: Toasting it wakes up the oils and turns simple pepper into something almost floral and warm.
  • Salt: The pasta water should taste like the sea, and that salinity seasons everything from the inside out.

Instructions

Product image
Measure spices, liquids, and baking ingredients accurately for consistent results in cooking and baking.
Check price on Amazon
Boil the pasta:
Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil and drop in the spaghetti, stirring occasionally. Before you drain it, scoop out a full cup of that starchy, cloudy water because it's the secret to a silky sauce.
Toast the pepper:
While the pasta bubbles away, add the black pepper to a dry skillet over low heat and let it sizzle for a minute or two until you can smell it across the kitchen. This step makes all the difference.
Build the base:
Pour about half a cup of the hot pasta water into the skillet with the toasted pepper and let it simmer gently. The water will pick up all that peppery flavor.
Toss the spaghetti:
Drain the pasta and immediately add it to the skillet, tossing it around so every strand gets coated in the peppery liquid. Work quickly while everything is still steaming hot.
Add the cheese:
Pull the skillet off the heat and start sprinkling in the Pecorino, tossing constantly and adding splashes of reserved pasta water to keep everything moving. The cheese should melt into a glossy, creamy coating without any clumps.
Serve:
Plate it up right away and shower each bowl with extra cheese and a few more cracks of pepper. This dish waits for no one.
Product image
Measure spices, liquids, and baking ingredients accurately for consistent results in cooking and baking.
Check price on Amazon
Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe served warm on a plate, with a light dusting of grated Pecorino Romano and a side salad for a complete meal. Pin It
Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe served warm on a plate, with a light dusting of grated Pecorino Romano and a side salad for a complete meal. | cedarlemon.com

One night I served this to a friend who'd just come back from Rome, and I watched her face as she took the first bite. She closed her eyes and nodded slowly, then told me it tasted exactly like the tiny restaurant near the Pantheon where she ate it three nights in a row. That's when I realized this dish didn't need anything extra, it was already perfect.

Choosing Your Cheese

Pecorino Romano is sharper and saltier than Parmesan, with a distinct tang that defines true cacio e pepe. I learned to buy it in a wedge and grate it myself right before cooking because the pre-grated stuff often contains anti-caking agents that prevent it from melting smoothly. If you can only find Parmigiano Reggiano, it will work in a pinch, but the flavor will be milder and slightly sweeter.

Getting the Sauce Right

The first few times I made this, I ended up with clumpy cheese water instead of a creamy sauce, and I almost gave up. Then I watched an Italian chef explain that the magic happens when you create an emulsion by tossing the pasta constantly while adding the cheese off the heat. The starch in the pasta water acts like glue, binding the cheese and water into a velvety coating that clings to every strand.

Serving and Pairing

This dish is best eaten the moment it leaves the pan, straight from the skillet if you're feeling casual. I like to serve it in warm bowls with a crisp white wine like Vermentino, which cuts through the richness without overpowering the pepper. Sometimes I'll set out a small dish of extra grated Pecorino and a pepper mill so everyone can adjust their own portions.

  • Warm your serving bowls in a low oven so the pasta stays hot longer.
  • If you have leftovers, reheat gently with a splash of water or milk to bring the sauce back to life.
  • A simple arugula salad with lemon juice is the perfect sharp, bitter contrast.
Product image
Quickly cook hard boiled, poached, or scrambled eggs and omelets for easy breakfasts and meal prep.
Check price on Amazon
A rustic bowl of Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe, featuring perfectly al dente pasta coated in a glossy, peppery cheese sauce ready to be enjoyed. Pin It
A rustic bowl of Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe, featuring perfectly al dente pasta coated in a glossy, peppery cheese sauce ready to be enjoyed. | cedarlemon.com

Now when I make cacio e pepe, I don't even think about the steps anymore, my hands just know. It's become the thing I cook when I want to feel capable and calm, and every time, it reminds me that the best meals don't need to be complicated.

Recipe Questions & Answers

What type of cheese works best for Cacio e Pepe?

Freshly grated Pecorino Romano is essential for authentic flavor. Avoid pre-grated cheese as it contains anti-caking agents that prevent proper melting. Parmigiano Reggiano can substitute for a milder taste, though it changes the traditional profile.

Why is reserved pasta water important?

Pasta water contains starch that emulsifies with the cheese and fat, creating a creamy sauce without cream. It also helps achieve the proper consistency and prevents the cheese from clumping when added to the hot pasta.

How do I prevent the cheese from clumping?

Work quickly but methodically when adding cheese. Toss and stir vigorously while gradually sprinkling it in small amounts. Keeping the heat low and using enough starchy pasta water prevents lumps and ensures silky texture.

Can I make this ahead or reheat it?

Cacio e Pepe is best served immediately after preparation. Reheating can break the emulsion. For best results, prepare just before serving and have all ingredients ready and at hand.

What's the significance of toasting the black pepper?

Toasting pepper for 1-2 minutes releases its essential oils and aromatic compounds, deepening the flavor profile. This step is crucial for developing the characteristic peppery taste that defines the dish.

Is this dish suitable for dietary restrictions?

This dish is vegetarian and naturally gluten-free if using gluten-free pasta. It contains milk (Pecorino Romano cheese). Always verify cheese labels for vegetarian suitability and check for any allergen concerns with your ingredients.

Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe

Authentic Roman pasta featuring spaghetti tossed with Pecorino Romano and freshly cracked black pepper for a creamy, luxurious sauce.

Prep Time
10 min
Cook Duration
15 min
Time Required
25 min
Created by Victoria Reed


Skill Level Easy

Cuisine Italian

Makes 4 Portions

Special Diets Meat-Free

What You'll Need

Pasta

01 14 oz spaghetti

Cheese & Spices

01 1 cup Pecorino Romano cheese, finely grated
02 2 teaspoons freshly cracked black pepper, plus extra for serving

Others

01 Salt for pasta water

How-To Steps

Step 01

Boil pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add spaghetti and cook until al dente. Reserve 1 cup of pasta cooking water before draining.

Step 02

Toast black pepper: In a large skillet over low heat, toast the black pepper for 1 to 2 minutes until fragrant.

Step 03

Create pepper water base: Add approximately 1/2 cup of reserved hot pasta water to the skillet with pepper and allow to simmer.

Step 04

Combine pasta with pepper water: Add drained spaghetti to the skillet and toss thoroughly to coat in the peppery water.

Step 05

Emulsify cheese sauce: Gradually sprinkle Pecorino Romano cheese while tossing and stirring vigorously until the cheese melts and forms a creamy sauce. Add additional reserved pasta water as needed to achieve a silky consistency.

Step 06

Plate and serve: Serve immediately, garnished with extra Pecorino Romano and freshly cracked black pepper.

Tools You'll Need

  • Large pot
  • Skillet or large sauté pan
  • Cheese grater
  • Tongs or pasta fork

Allergy Notes

Review ingredients for allergens and ask your provider if you have concerns.
  • Contains wheat (gluten)
  • Contains milk (cheese)

Nutrition Details (each serving)

Details are for general information and not a substitute for professional guidance.
  • Energy: 460
  • Total Fat: 13 g
  • Carbohydrates: 66 g
  • Protein: 19 g